Chinese aircraft carrier the Shandong passed close to the northern Philippines on its way to drills in the Pacific, Taiwan's defence minister said on Wednesday, as Taipei reported dozens of warplanes joining the ship for exercises.

The manoeuvring of the carrier through waters closer to the Philippines than to Taiwan comes during a period of rising tensions between Beijing and Manila over territorial disputes in the South China Sea.

Taiwan, which China claims as its own territory, keeps a close watch on all Chinese movements given the daily military activity around the island.

Taiwan's defence ministry said starting around dawn on Wednesday it had detected 36 Chinese military aircraft, including J-16 fighters and nuclear-capable H-6 bombers, flying to the south and southeast of the island heading to the Western Pacific to carry out drills with the Shandong.

Speaking to reporters at parliament shortly before his ministry announced details of the latest mission by the Shandong, commissioned by China in 2019, Taiwan Defence Minister Wellington Koo said they had a "full grasp" of the ship's movements.

"It did not pass through the Bashi Channel," he said, referring to the waterway that separates Taiwan from the Philippines and is the usual route Chinese warships and warplanes take when they head into the Pacific.

"It went further south, through the Balintang Channel, to the Western Pacific," Koo added, a waterway between the Philippines' Batanes and Babuyan Islands.

China's defence ministry did not respond to a request for comment.

The Philippines military said it was concerned with the deployment of the Chinese carrier group.

"We emphasise the importance of maintaining peace and stability in the region and urge all parties to adhere to international laws and norms," said spokesperson Francel Margareth Padilla.